When a neural stimulus is associated with a natural response.
Operant Conditioning
When a response is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment.
Observational Learning
When learning occurs through observation and imitation of others.
Stimulus and Response
Stimulus: any environmental feature that affects behavior.
Response: a behavior caused by the stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus and Response
Unconditioned stimulus : a feature of environment that causes a natural reflex reaction.
Unconditioned response : a stimulus in the environment has produced a behavior which is unlearned and therefore natural.
Conditioned Stimulus and Response
Conditioned stimulus : a feature of environment that has an effect through association with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned response: the behavior caused by the conditioned stimulus.
Generalization
When a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus also causes a response.